Koyukon phonology and ortography

Consonants
Sounds are given in IPA with the orthographic equivalent in angled brackets:

Plosives and affricates, other than the labial b and the glottal ', distinguish plain, aspirated and ejective forms. Other consonants include labial and alveolar nasals; alveolar, velar and glottal fricatives; and alveolar and palatal approximants. Again other than the labial m and the glottal h, these distinguish forms with and without voice.

Vowels
There are four full vowels in Koyukon: And there are three reduced vowels: