Mapuche phonology

Prosody
Mapudungun has partially predictable, non-contrastive stress. The stressed syllable is generally the last one if it's closed (awkán 'game', tralkán 'thunder'), and the one before last if the last one is open (rúka 'house', lóngko 'head'). There is no phonemic tone.

Vowels
Mapudungun has six vowel phonemes:, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and a high central unrounded vowel,. These are more precisely when stressed, and somewhat centralized when unstressed. The sixth vowel is spelled $⟨ï⟩$, $⟨ü⟩$, or $⟨v⟩$, depending on the alphabet.

Consonants
Mapuche does not distinguish between voiceless and voiced plosives. There are three approximants (or glides). Liquids consist of the three lateral sounds and what is phonetically close to a retroflex approximant. Some authors do not recognize as a separate phoneme; rather, they class it as an allophone of. (spelled as "tr", "tx" or even "x") is often described as a sound followed by a  sound; it is similar to the sound of English tr in tree, but without aspiration. The language also has relatively rare interdental sounds, and , which contrast with their dentoalveolar counterparts; roots may have either only interdental ( 'sea, lake') or only dentoalveolar ( 'guanaco') consonants.