Oriya phonology

Oriya has 28 consonant phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes.

All vowels except also have nasal counterparts, but these are not always contrastive. Final vowels are standard and pronounced, e.g. Oriya contra Bengali  "flower".

The velar nasal is given phonemic status in some analyses. Nasals assimilate for place in nasal–stop clusters. have flap allophones in intervocalic and final position (but not at morpheme boundaries). Stops are sometimes deaspirated between and a vowel or an open syllable +vowel and a vowel. Some speakers distinguish between single and geminate consonants.