Pashto phonology

Vowels
Pashto also has the diphthongs.

Consonants
The phonemes tend to be replaced by. The sounds are non-native Pashto sounds and appear in borrowed words

The retroflex flap is pronounced as retroflex approximant  when final.

The retroflex fricatives and palatal fricatives  represent dialectally different pronunciations of the same sound, not separate phonemes. In particular, the retroflex fricatives, which represent the original pronunciation of these sounds, are preserved in the southern/southwestern dialects (especially the prestige dialect of Kandahar), while they are pronounced as palatal fricatives in the west-central dialects. Other dialects merge the original retroflexes with other existing sounds: The southeastern dialects merge them with the postalveolar fricatives, while the northern/northeastern dialects merge them with the velar phonemes in an asymmetric pattern, pronouncing them as (not ). Furthermore, according to Henderson (1983), the west-central voiced palatal fricative actually occurs only in the Wardak Province, and is merged into  elsewhere in the region.

The velars followed by the close back rounded vowel  assimilate into the labialized velars.