Azerbaijani phonology

Consonants

 * 1)  and  are realised as  and  respectively in the areas around Tabriz and to the west, south and southwest of Tabriz (including Kirkuk in Iraq); in the Nakhchivan and Ayrum dialects, in Cəbrayil and some Caspian coastal dialects;
 * 2) In most dialects of Azerbaijani, is realized as  when it is found in the coda position or is preceded by a voiceless consonant (as in çörək  – "bread"; səksən  – "eighty").
 * 3) appears only in words borrowed from Russian or French (spelled, as with, with a k).
 * 4) exists in the Kirkuk dialect as an allophone of  in Arabic loanwords.
 * 5) In the Baku dialect, may be realised as, and  and  as , e.g.  → ,  → ,  → , as well as with surnames ending in -ov/-ev (borrowed from Russian).
 * 6) In the colloquial language, is usually pronounced as

Vowels
The vowels of the Azerbaijani language are, in their alphabetical order, a, e, ə, ı, i, o, ö, u, ü. There are no diphthongs in Azerbaijani when two vowels come together; when that occurs in some Arabic loanwords, each vowel retains its individual sound.